Pdf on jan 1, 20, lukong stella shulika and others published interethnic conflict in south sudan. The republic of south sudan is a multi ethnic sovereign entity, consisting of 10 states and comprising a culturally diverse population. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below. It was largely a continuation of the first sudanese civil war of 1955 to 1972. South sudan was settled by many of its current ethnic groups during the 15th19th centuries. Causes of the conflicts the british signed an agreement in 1953 that granted the people of sudan independence and the right to selfgovernance. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. Although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly.
South sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the dinkas, who constitute about 35% of the population and predominate in government. Billy batware, ma peace and conflicts studies european peace university, austria 15. Ethnic dimensions of the conflict south sudan is a multi ethnic society comprised of more than 60 different ethnic communities. Another dimension of ethnic conflict in south sudan centres on issues of cattle raids and grazing land, mostly between the murle and nuer, as well as between the nuer. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Doc ethnic conflict in south sudan and the effects on. Inclusion and empowerment are vital for both democracy and development to take hold in conflict and post conflict situations, according to nicholas haysom, special representative of united nations secretarygeneral ban kimoon for sudan and. Conflict profile sudan north south ethnic war 1983 2005 modern conflicts home page conflicts map conflicts table peri home page sudan s north south civil war went on for more than two decades, and resulted in roughly two million warrelated deaths and the displacement of millions of others from their homes.
South sudan as regional pawn 2 the red sea arena 4 rebooting us policy to support conflict resolution and regional stability 5 conclusion 8 payton knopf south sudan s civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea summary the regional political and security dynamics that surround south sudan s ongoing civil war. The united nations has peacekeepers in the country as part of the united nations mission in south sudan unmiss. Civilians were not only caught up in the violence, they were directly targeted, often along ethnic lines. In the context of ongoing conflict, donor governments, including the united states, may. A political power struggle between south sudanese president salva kiir and former. Create your own infographic for free with venngage. Conflict and the role of the media 5 part one part one conflict, the modern world and the media conflict is one of the defining features of the modern world. By the end of the 19th century the sudan was under britishegyptian rule. North and south sudan boundary state boundary county boundary river dam shaded areas of con. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only. South sudan conflict, south sudan ethnic crises, south sudan history book has all these information. Over one million south sudanese have been displaced by the conflict.
The military dynamics of south sudan s ivil war jubabased observer july 2014 introduction after seven months of war and several failed attempts at peace, south sudan s civil war shows few signs of letting up. The breakthrough in the north south peace process has come at a time of. The republic of south sudan is a multiethnic sovereign entity, consisting of 10 states and comprising a culturally diverse population. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp. South sudan as regional pawn 2 the red sea arena 4 rebooting us policy to support conflict resolution and regional stability 5 conclusion 8 payton knopf south sudans civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea summary the regional political and security dynamics that surround south sudans ongoing civil war. Ethnic conflict in sudan by alise gilliard infographic. But that answer does not explain the intersection of politics, ethnicity, and conflict in south sudan. Since the end of the cold war there have been countless conflicts that have involved the deaths of millions of people and the suffering and displacement of millions more. Peoples peacemaking perspectives march 2012 south sudan. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and grazing land and is part of the wider sudanese nomadic conflicts. Such reality should have been reflected at least in the. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the splma leadership remained in the hands of the former chairman late dr. National events can exacerbate local cycles of grievance and revenge, resulting in explosive community reactions.
The second sudanese civil war was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation army. Interviewee, jonglei state there are heightened levels of insecurity amongst agropastoralist communities and close linkages between cattle raiding and intercommunal and ethnic violence. South sudan is home to more than 60 ethnic groups, with the dinka and the nuer. Life is characterised in the postcpa southern sudan by uneasy.
Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for the western region and its nonarab population. This study is significant because it will contribute to the understanding of the real causes of the conflict in order to effectively find a durable solution. For almost three years, the equatoria region in south sudan had been spared from the conflict that exploded in 20. However, the ongoing conflict and displacement has normalized gender inequality and has intensified violence against women and girls in the country and within refugee camps. The early marriage practices were used to fit traditional socioeconomic livelihood of suburban communities, as peo. In the postcolonialism world, these conflicts continue still today. Explore the history behind the ethnic conflict and our current assessment of the continued risk of mass killing.
Similarly, by extension, it seeks to proffer appropriate mechanisms of deescalating ethnic conflicts in jonglei state which may be replicated in south sudan where applicable. However, their independence, like that of other countries in the world, came with a huge human cost following decades of intense conflict between the arab north and the nonarab south. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. After fighting in the northern states of south sudan among the nuer, the conflict has moved to the southwest in the regions richer in water, fertile land and forests, i. But the jubilation over this newfound freedom was fleeting, and internal strife has marred much of its short life as an independent state. However, the government did not address impunity for widespread conflict related sexual and genderbased violence against south sudanese. South sudan united states holocaust memorial museum. Ethnic groups in south sudan download ebook pdf, epub. Pdf on jan 1, 20, lukong stella shulika and others published inter ethnic conflict in south sudan.
June 2014, using research to inform its conflict transformation. Civilians have been routinely targeted in the conflict, often along ethnic lines, and the warring parties have been accused of war crimes and. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. The president informed congress that he may take further action to support the security of u. All parties to the conflict have committed acts of rape and other forms of sexual violence against women of different ethnic groups. January 16, 2014 the simple answer to that question is an obvious yes. While this ethnic diversity speaks to the countrys rich national heritage, it has also always been a source of. Ethnic conflict in south sudan and the effects on healthcare.
Conflict profile, causes, actors and dynamics tethloach ruey doctoral thesis dissertation politics international politics topic. South sudan, civil war, power struggle, ethnic violence, international conflict. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict kuntzelman. Governing south sudan national democratic institute. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. Constitutionally, nigeria opted for federalism and secularism to manage ethnic and regional misunderstanding like south africa, a bill of rights was included in the 1999 constitution, which was intended to allay the fears. Situation assessment of children and women in south sudan. Fighting has spread to pibor, jalle, akobo, and uror in jonglei state, as well as mayendit county in unity state and neighboring counties in warab and lakes states.
South sudan, the worlds youngest country, gained independence on 9 july 2011 following decades of war, lengthy negotiations and a referendum to secede from sudan. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict christa charbonneau kuntzelman, m. The international community can no longer ignore the violence and atrocities taking place in darfur. Ethnic violence in south sudan has a long history among south sudans varied ethnic groups. Resolution to ethnic conflict and civil war in south sudan. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict eric. Ethnic violence in south sudan has a long history among south sudan s varied ethnic groups.
Conflict profile sudan north south ethnic war 1983 2005 modern conflicts home page conflicts map conflicts table peri home page sudans northsouth civil war went on for more than two decades, and resulted in roughly two million warrelated deaths and the displacement of millions of others from their homes. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Conflict between 19551976 and 19832005 between the colonially modernised arab north and the underdeveloped christian and animist south brought widespread civilian suffering. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war.
Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. Representation and access to these resources have often been. The crisis, which started as political but later strayed into an ethnic. The finer details of how it started are unclear and accounts of the violence are often conflicting. Types and causes of conflict in southern sudan the ethnic groups that are found in southern sudan consist of the nilotics, nilo. South sudan became the youngest nation in the world after splitting from the larger sudan to become the republic of south sudan in 2011. South sudan s civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require. There have been attacks on hospitals, churches, mosques, and united nations bases. Resource disputes trigger intense violence between ethnic groups, reducing community resilience to political manipulation and related violence. South sudan did not make progress on establishing the.
A brief history of the civil war in south sudan comboni. Thousands of people have been killed and millions displaced in south sudan since a civil war erupted in the country in 20. Jan 28, 2016 thousands of people have been killed and millions displaced in south sudan since a civil war erupted in the country in 20. Introduction the republic of south sudan is a multi ethnic sovereign entity, consisting of 10 states and comprising a culturally diverse population. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service some accounts, the tgnu and the peace agreement on which it was based have collapsed, and reports suggest that both sides may be preparing for a return to fullscale war. Mass atrocities feared in south sudan as ethnic violence. Ali, viceroy of egypt under the ottoman empire, the southern sudan was plundered for slaves. The dinka and nuer, the two largest ethnic groups in south sudan, traditionally had conflicts between each other and they were influenced by this political struggle. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict.
Conflict profile since its independence in 1956, sudan has seen an intermittent civil war. The negotiations, which concluded with an agreement to end the conflict on may 9, followed. Mahimbo mdoe, unicefs representative in south sudan, believes the combination of conflict, rising levels of malnutrition and economic crisis inflation is at 830%. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again.
Fighting broke out between the sudan peoples liberation movement splm and splmio, igniting the civil war. While soldiers from the dinka ethnic group, one of the two largest ethnic groups in south sudan, aligned with president kiir and those from the nuer ethnic group, the other. Determinants of early marriage and construction of gender. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. South sudan and shape their ways of life madut, 2015. In sudan, conflicts over scarce resources, ethnicity and religion have resulted in genocide. It also seeks to emphasise the role of ethnic animosity as the main underlying.
To manage her complex ethnic problem, nigeria, like south africa, has developed mechanisms for ethnic conflict management. Conflict mapping, ontological security and institutionalised conflict o n 15 and 16 december 20, violence broke out in juba, south sudan, with many thousands killed. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Ugandan troops were deployed to fight alongside the south sudanese government. Disputes are often sharpened or even triggered by glaring social, political and economic inequalities, explosive conditions that are exacerbated by social conflict. May 10, 2014 a guide to the fighting which has wracked south sudan, the worlds newest country. The crisis in south sudan congressional research service 2 improve. This study, based on 44 focus group discussions conducted from november 3november 28, 2011, with 545 participants across all 10 states in south sudan, asked south sudanese to. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the. Five things you should know about the conflict in south sudan.